What it is
Kidneys filter extra water and wastes out of blood and make urine.[1,2]
Why it matters
Changes in kidney function can alter fluid balance, swelling, blood pressure, and urine output context.[1,2]
Root causes of abnormal values
- Volume core: Kidney fluid balance shifts when water input, vascular volume, filtration, tubular handling, and urine output no longer match. Too little removal can leave extra water in the body; too much loss or low intake can reduce circulating volume.[1,2]
- Kidney-output layer: Kidneys normally remove extra water and wastes into urine. When kidney function changes suddenly or chronically, fluid balance can connect to swelling, blood pressure, urine output, electrolyte context, and waste buildup.[1,2]
- Boundary: BioConst can explain the volume-output chain, but it does not advise fluid restriction, diuretic changes, or urgency for a person's swelling, blood pressure, or urine output.[1,2]